Writing Research Papers That Sell Your Business

<h1>Writing Research Papers That Sell Your Business</h1><p>There are numerous reasons why an individual would need to have a powerful research paper subjects in Hrm. In any case, it is one of the least demanding to look into for a point. Individuals can do this inside the solace of their home and in all probability won't should be told the best way to do it.</p><p></p><p>You could be asking why research paper themes in Hrm. The explanation that you can do this without having a foundation or with just essential data about specific subjects is on the grounds that they are extraordinarily simple to inquire about for a point. At the point when you are searching for a theme, this is on the grounds that your subject will be composed for a specific activity. For instance, on the off chance that you are searching for an occupation where you would do look into, at that point that is a theme that is probably going to be researchable.</p><p> </p><p>Another motivation behind why this is an extraordinary method to locate an alternate subject is on the grounds that it is a well known one. This is on the grounds that a great many people are searching for work that does research and there is a ton of rivalry for employments that do examine. Almost certainly, you will be allowed to inquire about themes in Hrm that are for your field of expertise.</p><p></p><p>Although this is a famous activity, composing great research paper points in Hrm will even now require a lot of work on your part. Despite the fact that this is an extraordinary method to explore for a subject it will require look into on your part.</p><p></p><p>Your research will start by posting down the entirety of the activity titles that you have. When you have the rundown of occupation titles than you can begin looking for subjects for each activity title. You may need to do a tad of looking on the web yet it ought not take in excess of a couple of moments of your time.</p><p></p><p>Once you have drilled down the subjects for the activity titles that you have rattled off, you will start your exploration for investigating for your points in Hrm. After you have a couple of subject names, you can start to do some examination. At the point when you do this, you will need to get a rundown of the subjects that you have recorded and afterward you will compose your examination papers.</p><p></p><p>Writing your exploration papers is a significant an aspect of your responsibilities. Composing a decent research paper will assist you with having a noteworthy activity that pays well and makes you happy.</p>

Intro to MT

What is Medical Technology? Part of lab medication which manages the analytic or helpful uses of science and innovation. Otherwise called Clinical Laboratory Science A unique human services calling that manages the investigation and practice of demonstrative research facility medication. Ruth Heinemann (1963) The use of standards of common, physical, and organic sciences to the presentation of research center methodology which help in the conclusion and treatment of diseases.Anna Fagelson (1961) The part of medication worried about the exhibition of lab judgments and examinations utilized in the analysis and treatment of the malady and the upkeep of wellbeing. Walters The wellbeing calling worried about performing research facility investigations taking into account getting data vital in the conclusion and treatment of sickness just as in the support of good health.Republic Act NO. 5527 An assistant part of research facility medication which manages the assessment by different substa nce, minuscule, bacteriologic and other clinical lab methods r system which will help the doctor in the analysis, study, and treatment of ailment and in the advancement of wellbeing in general.Medical Technologist An individual who participates in crafted by clinical innovation under the supervision of a pathologist or authorized doctor approved by the Department of Health in places where there is no pathologist and who having passed the recommended course (Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Public Health) of preparing and assessment is enlisted under the arrangement of this Act. Nature of Work Medical Technologists perform complex compound, organic, hematological, immunologic, infinitesimal, and bacteriological examinations, including: Microscopically analyze blood and other body fluids.Make societies of body liquid and tissue tests to decide the nearness of microbes, tungi, parasites, or different microorganisms. Break down examples tor concoction con tent or a synthetic response and decide centralizations of mixes, for example, blood glucose and cholesterol levels. Type and cross match blood tests for transfusions. Assess test results, create and alter methods, and set up and screen rograms to guarantee the precision of tests.In what way will it be of help and significance to our general public? To improve the administration of wellbeing conditions utilizing different methods for distinguishing the causes and nature of sicknesses. To help other wellbeing experts in dynamic just as in remedial ways; Ultimately to convey a phenomenal patient mind and improve the personal satisfaction. Field of Specialty Hematology Clinical Chemistry Clinical Microscopy (Parasitology) Microbiology (Bacteriology, Mycology) Blood Bank and Transfusion Practices

Researched essay on dining experience in advanced dementia care

Explored on eating involvement with cutting edge dementia care - Essay Example â€Å"People who arrive at the propelled phase of dementia when nourishment admission is shortened have a low metabolic rate. Their resting metabolic rate is low since muscle squandering has contracted their slender weight and their minds are atrophic; their metabolic rate above basal is low since they are truly inactive.† (Aldridge 2006) Finally, they have a past filled with weight reduction, which the body adjusts to by lessening its metabolic rate and holding dietary protein all the more successfully. This adjusted state can persevere inconclusively. Hoffer essayists, that â€Å"severely hysterical individuals might be thin and eat less nourishment than appears to be fitting to their genuinely dynamic (and not inconsistently overweight) specialists, medical caretakers, and surrogate leaders; however in numerous if not most cases they are not logically starving. They are in a condition of physiological homoeostasis.† (Hoffer 2006) In any case, in certain patients the weight reduction profile shows that, without tube taking care of, death by starvation is unavoidable. In this manner, the issue of cylinder taking care of is being talked about. Music treatment is a treatment which utilizes music and its segments (song, musicality, vocal and instrumental execution, etc) to cause the patient to uplift his recognition, improve his â€Å"ability to utilize discourse, motorics, socialization and, to open up to his oblivious self.† (Edwards 2002) â€Å"Musical boosts like tones or tunes are known to be prepared in the optional sound-related cortex in the correct prevalent transient gyrus.†

Early Detection Of Patient Deterioration - 1591 Words

INTRODUCTION Vital signs consist of the measurement of patient’s blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate and oxygen saturation (Jarvis 2013). They are routinely measured by nurses to gain a baseline assessment of patient’s state of health, monitor for any fluctuations, recognise changes in patient’s condition and to detect for signs of deterioration (Dougherty and Lister 2008 cited in Phillip et al 2013). vital signs definition and normal parameters Up to 80% of adverse events are predicted by physiological abnormalities that occur over hours and sometimes days (Kause et al 2004 cited in pantazopoulos 2012). Early detection of patient deterioration allows for early treatment of infections or hospital acquired pneumonia (Mato 2009, Mato 2010 and Straub 2014). It can also improve the patient’s outcome by potentially preventing unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission, cardiac arrest and unexpected hospital deaths. (Van Leuvan 2008, Subbe 2003, Hodgetts 2002, Goldhill 2005, Chalmers 2008, Buist 2004). For an abnormality in a patients vital signs to be detected, they need to be consistently and accurately recorded for patient deterioration to be recognise. Past research suggests, however, that this practice is inconsistent (Chua 2013, Pantazopoulos 2011, Jonsson 2011, Osborne 2015, Van Leuvan 2008, Oliver 2010, Cretikos 2007, Parkes 2011, Cooper 2013, Ansell 2014, Hogan 2006, Phillip 2013). The aim of this literature rev iew is to identify andShow MoreRelatedNursing Issues Within The Paediatric Environment Within Nsw1248 Words   |  5 PagesEarly recognition of deteriorating patients in the clinical setting has been connected with increasingly successful interventions and effectively improved health outcomes (Parham, 2012). 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Assessment has been an essential fragment of nursing since the Florence Nightingale era, in the late 1800s-Early 1900s; instinctive wisdom was a key skill in observation of change in one’s health; with the progression through the years to the â€Å"1990s critical pathways or care maps guided the client’s progression, with each stage based on specific protocols thatRead MoreDeteriorating Patients And Clinical Reasoning1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction It is widely known that early recognition of a deteriorating patient can contribute largely to a successful outcome, through recognising and taking action on the deteriorating health status of the patient (National Consensus Statement, 2010). This report will explore the ways in which deteriorating patients and clinical reasoning are used in the public health care system in New South Wales (NSW). 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Business Marketing APMC Company

Question: Discuss about the Business Marketing APMC Company. Answser: Introduction The study of business market divisions and diversification in a systematic manner via planning, joined decisions of owners, executing with the help of advertising and so on. The plan can be analyzed with the help of launching alcoholic products in Singapore through Specialized professional company APMC. APMC is into the business of consumable film i.e. A product strictly uses to secure the goods during transportation or during loading and unloading the pallets. AMPC specialized in supplying film either by purchase from other parties or through his own manufacturing to many countries like Africa, North America, European countries (Zimmerman and Blythe 2013). AMPCs main target and presenting their goods for sell of film is to capture market of liquor making companies like Bear, Spirits, Wine and so on, for their packaging and storing the pallets and with the help of film to cover the pallets and delivering the product to the supplier without hassle(Yang and Su 2014). Highly Experienced and specialized in marketing management personals from KPMC with holding position of country sales head are intensely involved equally to plan a sales target and understand the market segments demand of Singapore. Singapore has been selected to understand and study market target strategy to meet customers demand in each sections of market of reputed well known brand or via competitors product demand. Monopoly business of KPMC has helped to explore its market to several other countries and through which its management has learned the market nature and its economical changes increases and decreases the demands accordingly in emerging market. Identification of information about the segments in the market APMC a company specialized in supplying film into secured pallet loads not only manufacture but they sometimes buy a consumable film locally to meet their market demand globally. The task is all about market divisions and study of alcoholic drink being introduced in Singapore through APMC. A big challenge for APMC to hold the market for its goods as its an era of competition where every day new techniques changes the customers demand. Australian manufacturers recently have bought quick changes on the method of wrapping consumable items like Coca-Cola, Carlton breweries, international drink makers etc. Diversification of market brings the manufacturers and suppliers at a point of negotiation to satisfy the customers need (Brennan 2012). Whats make APMC superior from others is their smart way of marketing through promotion, networking and upgraded system of communication. With the help of below graph , we can point the difference between Consumer and Business market. The project is all about to learn the market nature through well-organized plan of launching a alcoholic products in one of the modernized country like, Singapore with the support of well-known company APMC. Consumer Market Business Market Segmentation Variables Segmentation Variables Geographic It includes population density, region and climate Geographic This includes regional industrial growth, location, and customer concentration. Demographic It includes age, ethnicity, education, religion, and family status Type of customer It has size of the organization, and the value chain. Behavioral It includes price sensitivity, brand loyalty and other pursuit of benefits Buyer behavior Loyalty to the suppliers, order size and other usage patterns Psychographic It includes values, opinions, lifestyles and customers activities. Table 1: Market segmentation Market segmentation Launching a new product , into market needs well strategic marketing plan, and its success primary depends on consumers acceptance which fulfills target of supplier (Chang, Lee and Ryu 2014).According to customers psychology , to overcome competitors sometime rather than launching new product, similar running product is more beneficial to launch as it has already took place in customers mind. To value new product, buyers mind to be win by superlative business strategy (Gupta, Rudd and Lee 2014). Market can be segmented by means of demographic, psychographic and geographic segmentation. While the product is priced at an attractive rate, it is easily acceptable by means of all income class. Further, the Company product caters to both the genders and customers of ages above 18 years of age. The Companys current business strategy is focused on Singapore, which forms its geographic form of segmentation. Further, psychographic segmentation reflects that generally majority of working class resorts to consuming of alcoholic products. Thus, the scope of target market for the current product is high as compared to rest of the products. Selection of information about the segment which APMC would develop a targeted marketing strategy Worlds largest producing alcoholic beverages countries are USA, China and Brazil (Hutt and Speh 2013).. APMC would be more keen to target these markets rather than to other countries to lay out successful business plan. China has targeted budget for 2019 around 71,370.8 compare to its figure of 2014 budget of 60,893.2, whereas Singapore has planned to touch 144.2 in 2019. Liquor business has high taxation charges than any other business, due to less demand in 2014, alcoholic business had a low business in 2014. Todays generation are more attracted to drinks which has increases the demand and targeted more production and supply which benefited government with charging of more taxation increased (LaPlaca 2014).. Multiple brands captured market of Asian countries like Heineken, Tiger and Baron. APMC is a company expertise in manufacturing and supply of film, which is mainly used to safeguard the overall product in to pallet loads. A target marketing strategy through which suppliers set their goal to sell a product to customers who are keen to buy a product manufactured. Total Volume 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Singapore 138.4 139 139.8 141 142.4 144.2 Table 2 Total Volume of Alcoholic Beverages in Upcoming Years Figure 1 Trend in Alcoholic Volumes in Singapore Singapore government with the help of government legislations opened the gates of easy finance for alcohol consumption for public. Maximum public are more into consumption of beer than other alcoholic drinks because of its less percentage of alcohol. Buyers tend to attract more to well packaged goods than to less attractive. packaging plays a key role for a product demand. Branding too is also very important part of sales. Customer who daily use product prefer to buy their selected alcoholic brands (Paiola, Gebauer and Edvardsson (2012).Therefore, packaging is a tool helps to gain long term demand of a product. So, more the customers being attracted to a product by marketing strategy , more the demand in market for a product . APMC has successfully with its best marketing strategy has captured around 63% position in Singapore market. Hence, targeting a customers and fulfilling their demand through marketing skills made APMC achieved high level (Ray 2013). Figure 2 Percentages for Typical Wine Brand Figure 3 Percentages for Typical Beer Brand Therefore it has been cleared that, marketing skills and well graphed plan is foremost important to launch a product and its success in market. Now let us see from different angle, in a contrasting way, let us choose different tool for marketing a alcohol product. Demand in market is the factor which helps the manufacturers to set the goals of their business and accordingly services provided in market. One supplier can sell multiple brands of alcohols which increases their profit margin (Ruiz-Molina and Gil-Saura 2012). Marketing first step is to set the goals and target to capture the consumer market. This goal will aim to long term success and long term financial gain keeping in mind public class, area, demands, taste and population. Competitors are another important factor which could help for achieving long term goals. Study the competitors market and keeping demand of customers already using alcohol brands helps to wins buyers demand(Safir 2013).Analyzing the market demand as pe r needs through every possible communication skills. Analysis of all relevant and critical areas of business segmentation reveals that there is a high propensity to consume in the markets of Singapore towards alcohol. Here we will discuss, the Market of Singapore in the form of product demand, and its sales, the business nature of present and future. Justification for the choice of the segment that APMC should target APMC has developed and improved marketing skills with changing economic growth and demand in market which makes them successful in developing brands. They have targeting a product in market which already have captured market with old brands well known in public. APMC main target is to meet demand of packaging material through their manufacturing to wrap the product launched in Singapore by alcoholic brand in beer. The market scenario can be judge via selling of demanded products and to build a reputation for future demands. APMC has been taken as a backbone to discover such market demand of Singapore. As people tend to intact more of beer because of its less percentage of alcohol, flavored beer will make boom sales and will be very profitable (Starkman 2013). This justification in choice of target market will not only allow to develop and grow business for the current Company but also cater to business goals. Presentation of the market analysis information AMPC good marketing analysis job would help for appropriate marketing planning, skills, advertising and supplying of launched beer brand in Singapore. The key success lies in the brand name of the company and their marketing demand (Storbacka and Nenonen 2012). Secondly, market supply monopoly and demand would depend on the financial capacity of a company to launch a product through man power, advertising and many other ways. Since alcohol in Singapore have more demand, the launch of flavored beer liked by all age group people, spread popularity of its taste faster(Tatic 2014). Countrys 70% of custom duties develops more from alcohol beverages than any other. Rather than beverages like whisky, rum, scotch and so on, have levied more custom duties, being more taken by wholesalers , duties than beer and wine. The retail outlet like bars and wine shops in 2009 had demand around 646.3 which gradually increases in 2014 to 962.5. If we compare this to packaging material of APMC. Its showing contrasting demand. The Singapore market demands more of premium brands than any others (Zimmerman and Blythe 2013). Which has attracted more of customers demand and interest of customers to buy more of new launches beer product? The wholesalers and retail percentages for different beverages is given in Figure 4. Figure 4 Wholesalers and Retailers Mark ups in 2014 Different countries have different tax system. Singapore charge custom duties manufacturing goods are payable. More the profit in alcoholic drinks more the duty payable in form of tax to government. Demand in 2014 was so high that it made 25% in duty charges. So, alcohol price depends on demand in market which is very flexible. Market of alcohol has more demand with the increasing economic and cultural demand (Yang and Su 2014). This provides the new firm with immense opportunity and growth related aspects. Thus, the scope of the Company is well catered to and defined with these various segmentation and marketing strategies. Conclusion Finally, the main idea we get from this overall project is with ever-changing demands worldwide, proper planning, advertising through media and promotional activities in Singapore through APMC .Demand of alcohol beverages through upgraded planning can launch a successful bear brand in Singapore. The project gave knowledge how detailed market study and planning would be profitable in both increasing sales and financially and in turns how it bonds the relationship with customers. Establishing relationship with customers is crucial for the growth and development of target market. Hence, such enhanced segmentation of market will not only allow to meet the diversified objectives but also in business growth after entering into the market of choice. References Armstrong, G. and Kotler, P. (2013). Marketing. Boston: Prentice Hall. Brennan, R. (2012). Reconnecting Marketing to Markets, by Luis Araujo, John Finch, and Hans Kjellberg (eds). Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 19(4), pp.392-395. Chang, D., Lee, K. and Ryu, S. (2014). Korea as a Comparative Business Marketing System: Review and Prospects. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 21(4), pp.213-236. Gupta, S., Rudd, J. and Lee, N. (2014). Business sustainability through successful integration of marketing and operations. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(1), pp.3-5. Hutt, M. and Speh, T. (2013). Business marketing management. Australia: South-Western, Cengage Learning. LaPlaca, P. (2014). Innovation in business networks. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(3), pp.359-360. Mysen, T., Svensson, G. and Hgevold, N. (2012). Relationship QualityRelationship Value and Power Balance in Business Relationships: Descriptives and Propositions. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 19(3), pp.248-285. Paiola, M., Gebauer, H. and Edvardsson, B. (2012). Service Business Development in Small- to Medium-Sized Equipment Manufacturers. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 19(1), pp.33-66. Ray, R. (2013). The Facebook guide to small business marketing. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley Sons, Inc. Ruiz-Molina, M. and Gil-Saura, I. (2012). Relationship and Market Conditions: Outcomes in Marketing Channels. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 19(4), pp.289-308. Safir, R. (2013). Marketing and merchandising for musicians. Boston, MA: Course Technology, Cengage Learning. Skrob, R. (2013). Start your own information marketing business. Irvine: Entrepreneur Press. Starkman, D. (2013). The best business writing 2013. New York: Columbia University Press. Storbacka, K. and Nenonen, S. (2012). Competitive Arena Mapping: Market Innovation Using Morphological Analysis in Business Markets. Journal of Business-to-Business Marketing, 19(3), pp.183-215. Tatic, V. (2014). Ethical review of the problem business espionage. Marketing, 45(2), pp.157-165. Yang, Z. and Su, C. (2014). Institutional theory in business marketing: A conceptual framework and future directions. Industrial Marketing Management, 43(5), pp.721-725. Zimmerman, A. and Blythe, J. (2013). Business to business marketing management. New York, NY: Routledge.

Drugs And Crime (2722 words) Essay Example For Students

Drugs And Crime (2722 words) Essay Drugs And CrimeUse federal tax dollars to fund these therapeutic communities in prisons. I feelthat if we teach these prisoners some self-control and alternative lifestylesthat we can keep them from reentering the prisons once they get out. I am alsogoing to describe some of todays programs that have proven to be veryeffective. Gottfredson and Hirschi developed the general theory of crime. ItAccording to their theory, the criminal act and the criminal offender areseparate concepts. The criminal act is perceived as opportunity; illegalactivities that people engage in when they perceive them to be advantageous. Crimes are committed when they promise rewards with minimum threat of pain orpunishment. Crimes that provide easy, short-term gratification are oftencommitted. The number of offenders may remain the same, while crime ratesfluctuate due to the amount of opportunity (Siegel 1998). Criminal offenders arepeople that are predisposed to committing crimes. This does not mean that theyhave no choice in the matter, it only means that their self-control level islower than average. When a person has limited self-control, they tend to be moreimpulsive and shortsighted. This ties back in with crimes that are committedthat provide easy, short-term gratification. These people do not necessarilyhave a tendency to commit crimes, they just do not look at long-termconsequences and they tend to be reckless and self-centered (Longshore 1998,pp.102-113). These people with lower levels of self-control also engage innon-criminal acts as well. These acts include drinking, gambling, smoking, andillicit sexual activity (Siegel 1998). Also, drug use is a common act that isperformed by these people. They do not look at the consequences of the drugs,while they get the short-term gratification. Sometimes this drug abuse becomesan addiction and then the person will commit other small crimes to get the drugsor them money to get the drugs. In a mid-western study done by Evans et al. (1997, pp. 475-504), there was a significant relationship between self-controland use of illegal drugs. The problem is once these people get into the criminaljustice system, it is hard to get them out. After they do their time and arereleased, it is much easier to be sent back to prison. Once they are out, theyrevert back to their impulsive selves and continue with the only type of lifethey know. They know short-term gratification, the quick fix if youwill. Being locked up with thousands of other people in the same situation asthem is not going to change them at all. They break parole and are sent back toprison. Since the second half of the 1980s, there has been a large growth inprison and jail populations, continuing a trend that started in the 1970s. The proportion of drug users in the incarcerated population also grew at thesame time. By the end of the 1980s, about one-third of those sent to stateprisons had been convicted of a drug offense; the highest in the countryshistory (Reuter 1992, pp. 323-395). With the arrival of crack use in the1980s, the strong relationship between drugs and crime got stronger. The useof cocaine and heroin became very prevalent. Violence on the streets that iscaused by drugs got the publics attention and that put pressure on the policeand courts. Consequently, more arrests were made. While it may seem good atfirst that these people are locked up, with a second look, things are not thatgood. The cost to John Q. Taxpayer for a prisoner in Ohio for a year is around$30,000 (Phipps 1998). That gets pretty expensive when you consider that thereare more than 1,100,000 people in United States prisons today (Siegel 1998). Many prisoners are being held in local jails because of overcrowding. This risein population is largely due to the number of inmates serving time for drugoffenses (Siegel 1998). This is where therapeutic communities come into play. The term therapeutic community has been used in many different forms oftreatment, including residential group homes and special schools, and differentconditions, like mental illness, alcoholism, and drug abuse (Lipton 1998,pp.106-109). In the United States, therapeutic communities are used in therehabilitation of drug addicts in and out of prison. These communities involve atype of group therapy that focuses more on the person a whole and not so muchthe offense they committed or their drug abuse. They use a community ofpeers and role models rather than professional clinicians. They focus onlifestyle changes and tend to be more holistic (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). Bygetting inmates to participate in these programs, the prisoners can break theiraddiction to drugs. By freeing themselves from this addiction they can changetheir lives. These therapeutic communities can teach them some self-control andways that they can direct their energies into more productive things, such assports, reli gion, or work. Seven out of every ten men and eight out of every tenwomen in the criminal justice system used drugs with some regularity prior toentering the criminal justice system (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). With that manypeople in prisons that are using drugs and the connection between drug use andcrime, then if there was any success at all it seems like it would be a step inthe right direction. Many of these offenders will not seek any type of reformwhen they are in the community. They feel that they do not have the time tocommit to go through a program of rehabilitation. It makes sense, then, thatthey should receive treatment while in prison because one thing they have plentyof is time. In 1979, around four percent of the prison population, or about10,000, were receiving treatment through the 160 programs that were availablethroughout the country (National Institute on Drug Abuse 1981). Forty-nine ofthese programs were based on the therapeutic community model, which servedaroun d 4,200 prisoners. In 1989, the percentage of prisoners that participatedin these programs grew to about eleven percent (Chaiken 1989). Some incompletesurveys state today that over half the states provide some form of treatment totheir prisoners and about twenty percent of identified drug-using offenders areusing these programs (Frohling 1989). The public started realizing that drugabuse and crime were on the rise and that something had to be done about it. The Mind and Motivation of a Serial Killer EssayIn this study, they found a linear relationship between reduced recidivism ratesand time spent in the program as well as the level of treatment attained. Thisstudy found that it was the attainment of level progress rather than time in thetreatment that was most important. The studies done on New Yorks Stayn Outprogram and Delawares Key-Crest program are some of the first large-scaleevidence that prison-based therapeutic communities actually produce asignificant reduction in recidivism rates and show a consistency over time. Theprograms of the past did work, but before most of the programs were privatelyfunded, and when the funds ran out in seven or eight years, so did the programs. Now with the government backing these types of programs, they should continue toshow a decrease in recidivism. It is much more cost effective to treat theseinmates. A program like Stayn Out cost about $3,000 to $4,000 more than thestandard correctional costs per inmate per year (Lipton 1998, pp. 106-109). In aprogram in Texas, it was figured that with the money spent on 672 offenders thatentered the program, 74 recidivists would have to be prevented from returning tobreak even. It was estimated that 376 recidivists would be kept from returningusing the therapeutic community program (Eisenberg and Fabelo 1996, pp. 296-318). The savings produced in crime-related and drug use-associated costspay for the cost of treatment in about two to three years. The main questionthat arises when dealing with this subject is whether or not people change. According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, the person does not change, only theopportunity changes. By separating themselves from people that commit crimes andcommonly do drugs, they are actually avoiding the opportunity to commit thesecrimes. They do not put themselves in the situation that would allow their lowself-control to take over. Starting relationships with people who exhibitself-control and ending relationships with those who do not is a major factor inthe frequency of committing crimes. Addiction treatment is very important tothis countrys war on drugs. While these abusers are incarcerated it providesus with an excellent opportunity to give them treatment. The will not seektreatment on their own. Without treatment, the chances of them continuing onwith their past behavior are very high. But with the treatment programs we havetoday, things might be looking up. The studies done on the various programs,such as New Yorks Stayn Out and Delawares Key-Crest program, prove thatthere ar e cost effective ways available to treat these prisoners. Not only arethey cost effective, but they are also proven to reduce recidivism ratessignificantly. These findings are very consistent throughout all of theresearch, there are not opposing views. I believe that we can effectively treatthese prisoners while they are incarcerated and they can be released intosociety and be productive, not destructive. Nothing else has worked to thispoint, we owe it to them, and more importantly, we owe it to ourselves. We canagain feel safe on the streets after dark, and we do not have to spend so muchof our money to do it. BibliographyBibliographyBall, J.C., J.W. Shaffer, and D.N. Nurco. 1983. Day-to-day criminality ofheroin addicts in Baltimore: a study in the continuity of offense rates. Drugand Alcohol Dependence. 12: 119-142. Beckett, K. 1994. Setting the PublicAgenda: Street Crime and Drug Use in American Politics. SocialProblems. 41(3): 425-447. Chaiken, M.R. 1989. In-Prison Programs forD rug-Involved Offenders. Research in Brief. Washington, DC: NationalInstitute of Justice. Eisenberg, M., and Tony Fabelo. 1996. Evaluation of theTexas Correctional Substance Abuse Treatment Initiative: The impact of policyresearch. Crime and Delinquency. 42(2): 296-318. Evans, T.D., F.T. Cullen,V.S. Burton, R.G. Dunaway, and M.L. Benson. 1997. The social consequences ofself-control: Testing the general theory of crime. Criminology. 35: 475-504. Frohling, R. 1989. Promising Approaches to Drug Treatment in CorrectionalSettings. Criminal Justice Paper No. 7. National Conference of StateLegislatures, Washington, DC. Inciardi, J.A., S.S. Martin, C.A. Butzin, R.M. Hooper, and L.D. Harrison. 1997. An effective model of prison-based treatmentfor drug-involved offenders. Journal of Drug Issues. 27(2): 261-278. Longshore, D. 1998. Self-Control and Criminal Opportuinty: A Prospective Testof the General Theory of Crime. Social Problems. 45(1): 102-113. Lipton, D.S. 1998. Therapeutic communities: History, effectiveness, and prospects.Corrections Today. 60(6): 106-109. National Institute on Drug Abuse. 1981. Drug Abuse Treatment in Prisons. Treatment Research Report Series. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO. Phipps, B. 1998. Criminology class lecturenotes. Reuter, P. 1992. Community Crime Prevention: a review and synthesisof the literature. Justice Quarterly. 5(3): 323-395. Siegel, L.J. 1998. Criminology. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Co. Toumbourou, J.W., M. Hamilton, B. Fallon. 1998. Treatment level progress and time spent in treatment in theprediction of outcomes following drug-free therapeutic community treatment.Addiction. 93(7): 1051-1064. Wexler, H.K., D. Lipton, G.P. Falkin, and A.B. Rosenbaum. 1992. Outcome evaluation of a prison therapeutic community forsubstance abuse treatment. In C.G. Leukkfeld and F.M. Tims (eds.), Drug AbuseTreatment in Prisons and Jails. pp. 156-175. Washington, DC: U.S. GPO.

The Battle Between The Spanish Armada And The British Fleet Essays

The Battle Between the Spanish Armada and the British Fleet ~1588~ In the later part of the 16th century, Spain was the major international power and either ruled, colonized, or exercised influence over much of the known world. Spanish power was at it's height and Spain's leader, King Philip II, pledged to conquer the Protestant heretics in England that began as a result of the Reformation. Philip held personal hostility towards England's Queen Elizabeth I and was desirous of eliminating a major sea-going rival for economic reasons. Elizabeth encouraged Sir Francis Drake and other English seamen to raid Spanish ships and towns to invest in some of their wealth. The English also began to aid the Dutch Protestants who were rebelling against Spanish rule. The Treaty of Nonsuch (1585) along with damaging raids by Drake against the Spanish commerce finally convinced Philip that a direct invasion of England was necessary. Philip wanted to restore England to Catholicism, keep his wealth he discovered, and prove that his country is still looked upon as all-powerful. King Philip disliked Elizabeth with a passion. He tried to plot against her ages ago with Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, in 1568. She was beheaded in 1587 for she pose a threat to the queen and England's safety. Finally Philip decided he had to do something about it himself. He drew up a flawless plan that wouldn't underrating England's ability to defend herself, Philip organized a brilliant fleet, which he called his Spanish Armada. It was called 'Invincible', the fleet of unprecedented size and strength. His Armada consisted of about 130 ships from his Mediterranean and Atlantic fleets, from the Portuguese navy and his allies, with as many as 8,000 seamen and possibly 19,000 soldiers. These ships were to join 30,000 troops who had been fighting in the Spanish Netherlands under Philip's commander, the Duke of Parma. Don ?lvaro de Baz?n, Marquis of Santa Cruz, who had initially organized the Armada, did not live to command it. His successor, Alonso P?rez de Guzm?n, Duke of Medina Sidonia, was no less intelligent and courageous. The men were inexperienced and their knowledge of ships and battles was poor. Their ships were mainly line-of-battle ships, and the rest being mostly transports and light craft. They were conscious that even their best craft were slower and less reliable than those of the English and less well armed with weapons, but they counted on being able to force boarding actions if the English offered battle. The Armada set sail from Lisbon on May 9, 1588, but gales forced it back soon after. The voyage was not resumed until July 22. Since November 1587 the English and the Dutch had been aware of Philip's intentions. To prevent a juncture of Parma's army with the Armada, they had several troops patrolling the Netherlands coast. The English fleet was under command of Charles Howard, 2nd Baron Howard of Effingham Ships were anchored at Plymouth on the English Channel to blockade and destroy the Armada before it left the Spanish coast. On July 29, 1588, the wind direction made this impossible and the Armada was already first sighted off the Scilly Isles, near the coast of Cornwall in southwestern England. The Armada reached the Strait of Dover on August 61 (Having already entered the English Channel on July 30) and anchored at Calais, France. This is where Medina Sidonia had planned to meet Parma in Flanders. The Dutch gunboats prevented the barges from meeting the Armada and this defect in their strategy was to prove disastrous. In the early hours of August 7-8, the English launched eight fire ships2 into the Spanish fleet, forcing the Spanish ships to cut or slip their cables, thus losing their anchors, and stand out to sea to escape the flames. The 'Invincible' Armada's formation was thus completely broken. At dawn on the 8th about 60 English ships attacked the disorganized Spanish ships off the French port of Gravelines. Three Spanish ships were sunk or driven ashore, and the others were badly battered. During all the battles, the wind direction and speed and waves and currents had a great effect on the movement of the ships. Both the west wind and the English fleet now prevented the Armada from rejoining Parma, and it was forced to make the passage back to Spain around the northern tip of Scotland. The English fleet turned back in search of supplies when the Armada passed the Firth of Forth and there was no further fighting, but the long voyage home through the autumn gales of the North Atlantic proved fatal